黑带应了解的101件事情
101 Things A Six Sigma Black Belt Should Know 一名6西格玛黑带应了解的101件事 By Thomas Pyzdek Reproduction permitted providing copyright notice remains in tact and no changes are made to the content Copyright (c) 2003 by Thomas Pyzdek, all rights reserved 1. In general, a Six Sigma Black Belt should be quantitatively oriented. 通常，6西格玛黑带应定量导向。 2. With minimal guidance, the Six Sigma Black Belt should be able to use data to convert broad generalizations into actionable goals. 仅需最低限度的指导，6西格玛黑带就应能利用数据把泛泛的概括转化为可实施的目标。 3. The Six Sigma Black Belt should be able to make the business case for attempting to accomplish these goals. 6西格玛黑带应能为完成这些目标提供业务案例。 4．The Six Sigma Black Belt should be able to develop detailed plans for achieving those goals. 6西格玛黑带应能为达到这些目标制定详细的计划。 5．The Six Sigma Black Belt should be able to measure progress towards the goals in terms meaningful to customers and leaders. 6西格玛黑带应能测量出朝着预期目标进展对顾客和公司领导的意义。 6．The Six Sigma Black Belt should know how to establish control systems for maintaining the gains achieved through Six Sigma. 6西格玛黑带应知道如何建立控制体系来保持通过6西格玛所取得的收获。 7．The Six Sigma Black Belt should understand and be able to communicate the rationale for continuous improvement, even after initial goals have been accomplished. 6西格玛黑带应了解并能够传达持续改进的基本原理，即使在初始目标已经达到后也 应这样。 8．The Six Sigma Black Belt should be familiar with research that quantifies the benefits firms have obtained from Six Sigma. 6西格玛黑带应熟悉对通过6西格玛所获利益的量化研究。 9. The Six Sigma Black Belt should know or be able to find the PPM rates associated with different sigma levels (e.g., Six Sigma = 3.4 PPM) 6西格玛黑带应知道或能够找出与不同西格玛水平相关连的PPM比率（例如，6西格玛＝3 .4PPM）。 10．The Six Sigma Black Belt should know the approximate relative cost of poor quality associated with various sigma levels (e.g., three sigma firms report 25% COPQ). 6西格玛黑带应了解与不同西格玛水平大致对应的劣质成本（例如，3西格玛水平的 公司劣质成本约占25%） 11. The Six Sigma Black Belt should know how to quantitatively analyze data from employee and customer surveys. This includes evaluating survey reliability and validity as well as the differences between surveys. 6西格玛黑带应了解如何定量分析对员工和顾客进行调查所得到的数据，包括评估调查结 果的可靠性、有效性以及各次调查之间的差异。 12. The Six Sigma Black Belt should understand the roles of the various people involved in change (senior leader, champion, mentor, change agent, technical leader, team leader, facilitator). 6西格玛黑带应了解参与变革的各种员工所扮演的角色（高层领导、拥护者、顾问、 变革代理人、技术领导、团队领导、推动者）。 13. The Six Sigma Black Belt should be able to design, test, and analyze customer surveys. 6西格玛黑带应能设计、检测和分析对顾客进行的调查。 14. Given two or more sets of survey data, the Six Sigma Black Belt should be able to determine if there are statistically significant differences between them. 给出两组或多组调查数据，6西格玛黑带应能确定它们之间是否存在统计上的显著性 差异。 15. The Six Sigma Black Belt should be able to quantify the value of customer retention. 6西格玛黑带应能量化顾客保持力的数值。 16. Given a partly completed QFD matrix, the Six Sigma Black Belt should be able to complete it. 给出完成一个部分的质量功能展开矩阵，6西格玛黑带应能将其完成。 17. The Six Sigma Black Belt should be able to compute the value of money held or invested over time, including present value and future value of a fixed sum. 6西格玛黑带应能计算出所持资金或者已投资金的价值，包括现值和未来价值的固定总和 。 18. The Six Sigma Black Belt should be able to compute PV and FV values for various compounding periods. 6西格玛黑带应能计算出不同复利计算期的现值和未来值。 19. The Six Sigma Black Belt should be able to compute the break even point for a project. 6西格玛黑带应能计算出一个项目的得失平衡点。 20. The Six Sigma Black Belt should be able to compute the net present value of cash flow streams, and to use the results to choose among competing projects. 6西格玛黑带应能计算出现金流转的净现值，并把这个结果用于选择项目。 21. The Six Sigma Black Belt should be able to compute the internal rate of return for cash flow streams and to use the results to choose among competing projects. 6西格玛黑带应能计算出内部现金流转的利润率，并将这一结果用于选择项目。 22. The Six Sigma Black Belt should know the COPQ rationale for Six Sigma, i.e., he should be able to explain what to do if COPQ analysis indicates that the optimum for a given process is less than Six Sigma. 6西格玛黑带应了解劣质成本对于6西格玛的根本意义，也即他应能说明如果劣质成本分 析显示出给定过程的最佳值小于6西格玛时该做些什么。 23. The Six Sigma Black Belt should know the basic COPQ categories and be able to allocate a list of costs to the correct category. 6西格玛黑带应了解劣质成本的基础类别，并且能够把一份成本清单正确分类。 24. Given a table of COPQ data over time, the Six Sigma Black Belt should be able to perform a statistical analysis of the trend. 给出过去的劣质成本报表，6西格玛黑带应能完成趋势的统计分析。 25. Given a table of COPQ data over time, the Six Sigma Black Belt should be able to perform a statistical analysis of the distribution of costs among the various categories. 给出过去的劣质成本报表，6西格玛黑带应能对各类品质成本的分配情况进行统计分析。 26. Given a list of tasks for a project, their times to complete, and their precedence relationships, the Six Sigma Black Belt should be able to compute the time to completion for the project, the earliest completion times, the latest completion times and the slack times. He should also be able to identify which tasks are on the critical path. 给出一个项目的任务列表、它们的完成时间和它们之间的优先级关系，6西格玛黑带 应能计算出项目的完成时间、最早完成时间、最迟完成时间和延迟时间。他还应能识别 哪项任务位于关键路径上。 27. Give cost and time data for project tasks, the Six Sigma Black Belt should be able to compute the cost of normal and crash schedules and the minimum total cost schedule. 给出项目任务的成本和时间数据，6西格玛黑带应能计算出正常的和紧急加快的生产费用 表以及最小的生产总费用表。 28. The Six Sigma Black Belt should be familiar with the basic principles of benchmarking. 6西格玛黑带应熟悉标杆的基本原理。 29. The Six Sigma Black Belt should be familiar with the limitations of benchmarking. 6西格玛黑带应熟悉标杆的局限性。 30. Given an organization chart and a listing of team members, process owners, and sponsors, the Six Sigma Black Belt should be able to identify projects with a low probability of success. 给出一份组织图和团队成员名单、过程负责人和发起人，6西格玛黑带应能识别出哪 些是成功机率小的项目。 31. The Six Sigma Black Belt should be able to identify measurement scales of various metrics (nominal, ordinal, etc). 6西格玛黑带应能识别各种度量标准的测量标度（名义的、顺序的等等）。 32. Given a metric on a particular scale, the Six Sigma Black Belt should be able to determine if a particular statistical method should be used for analysis. 给定一种特定标度的度量标准，6西格玛黑带应能确定采用什么特定的统计学方法进行分 析。 33. Given a properly collected set of data, the Six Sigma Black Belt should be able to perform a complete measurement system analysis, including the calculation of bias, repeatability, reproducibility, stability, discrimination (resolution) and linearity. 给出一组适当的数据，6西格玛黑带应能完成测量系统分析，包括计算偏倚、重复性 、再现性、稳定性、辨别力（分辨率）和线性。 34. Given the measurement system metrics, the Six Sigma Black Belt should know whether or not a given measurement system should be used on a given part or process. 给出测量系统的度量标准，6西格玛黑带应了解给定的测量系统能否用于给定的零件 或过程。 35. The Six Sigma Black Belt should know the difference between computing sigma from a data set whose production sequence is known and from a data set whose production sequence is not known. 6西格玛黑带应了解从已知生产次序的数据组和未知生产次序的数据组计算出的西格玛之 间的不同。 36. Given the results of an AIAG Gage R&R study, the Six Sigma Black Belt should be able to answer a variety of questions about the measurement system. 给出一份 AIAG（汽车工业行动集团）量具双性研究结果，6西格玛黑带应能回答各种关于该测量系 统的问题。 37. Given a narrative description of "as-is" and "should-be" processes, the Six Sigma Black Belt should be able to prepare process maps. 给出一个“不予改变”和“应”的过程叙述性描述，6西格玛黑带应能作出过程图。 38. Given a table of raw data, the Six Sigma Black Belt should be able to prepare a frequency tally sheet of the data, and to use the tally sheet data to construct a histogram. 给出一份原始数据表，6西格玛黑带应能作出一份数据频次表，并且能使用这频次表构建 一份直方图。 39. The Six Sigma Black Belt should be able to compute the mean and standard deviation from a grouped frequency distribution. 6西格玛黑带应能从一组频次分布数据计算出均值和标准偏差。 40. Given a list of problems, the Six Sigma Black Belt should be able to construct a Pareto Diagram of the problem frequencies. 给出一份问题列表，6西格玛黑带应能构建出一个问题发生频次的排列图。 41. Given a list which describes problems by department, the Six Sigma Black Belt should be able to construct a Crosstabulation and use the information to perform a Chi-square analysis. 给出一份按部门描述问题的清单，6西格玛黑带应能构建一份交叉表，并且能利用此 信息进行卡方分析。 42. Given a table of x and y data pairs, the Six Sigma Black Belt should be able to determine if the relationship is linear or non-linear. 给出一份 XY配对的数据表，6西格玛黑带应能确定XY之间的关系是线性的还是非线性的。 43. The Six Sigma Black Belt should know how to use non-linearities to make products or processes more robust. 6西格玛黑带应了解如何利用非线性来使产品或过程更加稳固。 44. The Six Sigma Black Belt should ...
黑带应了解的101件事情